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And that's why there is flight pay.
Statistics from Flight Journal magazine.
THE COST of DOING BUSINESS The staggering cost of war.
THE PRICE OF VICTORY B-17 $204,370. P-40 $44,892.
B-24 $215,516. P-47 $85,578. B-25 $142,194. P-51 $51,572.
B-26 $192,426. C-47 $88,574. B-29 $605,360. PT-17 $15,052.
P-38 $97,147. AT-6 $22,952. ON AVERAGE
6600 American service men died per Month, during WWII about 220 a day.
PLANES A DAY WORLDWIDE From Germany/Poland Sept. 1, 1939
ending Sept. 2, 1945. Japan surrender. 2,433 days.
From 1942 onward, America averaged 170 planes a day.
Nation Aircraft Average USA 276,400 113
S Union 137,200 56 G Britain 108,500 45
Germany 109,000 45 Japan 76,300 31
How Many is a 1,000 planes. B-17 production (12,731) wingtip to
Wingtip would extend 250 miles. 1,000 B-17's carried 2.5 million
gallons of high octane fuel. Lifting 10,000 airmen to deliver 2,000 tons
of bombs.
THE NUMBERS GAME
9.7 billion gallons of gasoline consumed, 1942-1945.
107.8 million hours flown, 1943-1945.
459.7 billion rounds of aircraft ammo fired overseas, 1942-1945.
7.9 million bombs dropped overseas, 1943-1945
2.3 million combat sorties, 1941-1945 One sortie = one takeoff.
299,230 aircraft accepted, 1940-1945. 808,471 aircraft engines accepted, 1940-1945.
799,972 propellers accepted, 1940-1945.
WWII MOST PRODUCED COMBAT AIRCRAFT
II-2 Stum0vik 36,183 Yak 1, 3, 7, 9 31,000 +
Bf 109 30,480 Fw 190 29,001 Spit/Seafire 20,351 B-24/PB4Y 18,482
Thunderbolt 15,686 Mustang 15,875 Ju 88 15,000 Hurricane 14,533
P-40 13,738 B-17 12,731 Corsair 12,571 Hellcat 12,275 Pe-2 11,400
P-38 10,037 Zero 10,449 B-25 9,984 LaGG-5 9,920 Avenger 9,837
P-39 9,584 Oscar 5,919 Mosquito 7,780 Lancaster 7,377 He 111 6,508
Halifax 6,176 Bf 110 6,150 LaGG-7 5,753 B-29 3,970 Stirling 2,383
Sources: Rene Francillon, Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific war; Cajus Bekker, The
Luftwaffe Diaries; Ray Wagner, American Combat Planes; Wikipedia.
BALL PARK AVERAGE:
Chief of Staff to General, "Hmmm; 331 men killed, and 308 aircraft
destroyed. That's 11 people and 10 planes per day."
"Uh, yes, sir. Its still the ballpark average." I'd like to see an
improvement in bomber losses, those really add up.
"Were working on it, General. But its sad to think that 10 young men alive
today will be dead tomorrow."
"You know that's the price of doing business. Now then, what about the
overseas and combat losses?"
According to the AAF Statistical Digest, in less than four years (December 1941
August 1945), the U. S. Army Air Forces lost 14,903 pilots, aircrew and assorted
personnel plus 13,873 airplanes --- inside the continental United States. They
were the result of 52,651 aircraft accidents (6,039 involving fatalities) in 45 months.
Think about those numbers. They average 1,170 aircraft accidents per month----
nearly 40 a day.(Less than one accident in four resulted in totaled aircraft, however.)
Those colossal losses cost the Axis powers nothing; not as much as one 7.7 mm bullet.
It gets worse,
Almost 1,000 Army planes disappeared en route from the U. S. to foreign climes.
But an eye watering 43,581 aircraft were lost overseas including 22,948 on
combat missions (18,418 against the Western Axis) and 20,633 attributed to
non-combat causes overseas.
In August 1943 when 60 B-17's were shot down among 376. That was a
16 percent loss rate meant 600 empty bunks in England that night In
1942-1943 it was statistically impossible for bomber crews to complete a
25-mission tour in Europe.
Pacific theatre losses were far less (4,530 in combat) owing to smaller forces
committed. The worst B-29 mission, against Tokyo on May 25, 1945, cost 26
Superfortress, 5.6 percent of the 464 dispatched from the Marianas.
On average, 6,600 American servicemen died per month during WWII, about 220 a
day. At end of war, over 40,000 airmen were killed in combat theatres and
another 18,000 wounded. Some 12,000 missing men were declared dead, included a
number "liberated" by the Soviets but never returned. More than 41,000
were captured, half of the 5,400 held by the Japanese died in captivity,
compared with one-tenth in German hands. Total combat casualties were pegged at 121,867.
The US manpower made up the deficit. The AAF's peak strength was reached in 1944
with 2,372,000 personnel, nearly twice the previous years figure.
The losses were huge---and they were----so were production totals.
From 1941 through 1945, American industry delivered more than 276,000 military
aircraft. That number was enough not only for U S Army, Navy and Marine Corps
but for allies as diverse as Britain, Australia, China and Russia. In fact, from
1943 onward, America produced more planes than Britain and Russia put combined.
And more than Germany and Japan together from 1941 - `45.
However our enemies took massive losses. Through much of 1944, the Luftwaffe
sustained uncontrolled hemorrhaging, reaching 25 percent aircrew and 40 planes a
month. And in late 1944 into 1945, nearly half the pilots in Japanese squadrons
had flown fewer than 200 hours. The disparity of two years before had been completely reversed.
Experience Level:
Uncle Sam sent many of his sons to war with absolute minimum of training. Some
fighter pilots entered combat in 1942 with les than one hour in their assigned aircraft.
The 357th Fighter Group (alter known as The Yoxford Boys) went to England in
late 1943 having trained on P-39's. The group never saw a Mustang until shortly
before its first combat mission. A high-time
P-51 pilot had 30 hours in type. Many had fewer than five hours. Some had one hour.
With arrival of new aircraft, many combat units transitioned in combat. The
attitude was, "They all have a stick and a throttle. Go fly `em." When
the famed 4th Fighter Group converted from P-47's to P-51's in February 1944,
there was no time to stand down for an orderly transition. The Group commander,
Col. Donald Blakeslee, said, "You can learn to fly `51's on the way to the
target. (Note: Gone West HNL QB Brewster Morgan (Morgan's Corner up in Nuuanu
off of Old Pali Road) a Honolulu boy and a member of the 4th Fighter Group, told
me that they actually did stand down one day to transition from the
P47 to the P51. They were pissed that the old groups still had the
P47 [Brewster was with the Eagle Squadron in the Spitfire......later in the P47
when the US got into it in '42] and the newer groups coming over from the US all
had P51s. Blakeslee finally convinced AF to let them convert by standing down
just one day. An interesting side note........Brewster was shot down over France
in '44 and became a POW.......his roommate?.......Douglas Bader.......top
English ace with two wooden legs...Bader lost one of his legs when he bailed out
and was captured.......the Germans asked the Brits to send him another
leg......which they did....BD).
A future P-47 ace said, "I was sent to England to die." He was not
alone. Some fighter pilots tucked their wheels in the well on their first combat
mission with one previous flight in the aircraft.
Meanwhile, many bomber crews were still learning their trade: of Jimmy
Doolittle's 15 pilots on the April 1942 Tokyo raid, only five had won their
wings before 1941. All but one of the 16 copilots were less than a year out of
flight school.
In WWII flying safety took a back seat to combat. The AAF's worst accident rate
was recorded by the A-36 Invader version of the P-51: a staggering 274 per
100,000 flying hours. Next worst were the P-39 at
245 and the P-40 at 188; and the P-38 at 139. All were Allison powered.
Bomber wrecks were fewer but more expensive. The B-17 and B-24 averaged 30 and
35 accidents per 100,000 flight hours, respectively---- a horrific figure
considering that from 1980 to 2000 the Air Force's major mishap rate was less than 2.
The B-29 was even worse at 40; the worlds most sophisticated , most capable and
most expensive bomber was too urgently needed to stand down for mere safety
reasons. The AAF set a reasonably high standard for B-29 pilots, but the desired
figures were seldom attained. The original cadre of the 58th Bomb Wing was to
have 400 hours of multi-engine time, but there was not enough experienced pilots
to meet the criterion. Only ten percent had overseas experience. ( Conversely,
when a $2.1 billion B-2 crashed in 2008, the Air Force initiated a two-month
"safety pause" rather than declare a "stand down," let alone grounding.
The B-29 was no better for maintenance. Though the R3350 was known as a
complicated, troublesome power-plant, no more than half the mechanics had
previous experience with the Duplex Cyclone. But they made it work.
Navigators: Perhaps the greatest unsung success story of AAF training was Navigators. The
Army graduated some 50,000 during the War. And many had never flown out of sight
of land before leaving "Uncle Sugar" for a war zone. Yet the huge
majority found their way across oceans and continents without getting lost or
running out of fuel---a stirring tribute to the AAF's educational establishments.
Cadet To Colonel:
It was possible for a flying cadet at the time of Pearl Harbor to finish the war
with eagles on his shoulders. That was the record of John D. Landers, a 21 year
old Texan who was commissioned a second lieutenant on December 12, 1941. He
joined his combat squadron with
209 hours total flight time, including 2 ½ in P-40's. He finished the war as a
full colonel commanding an 8th Air Force Group---at age 24.
As the training pipeline filled up, however those low figures became exceptions.
By early 1944, the average AAF fighter pilot entering combat had logged at least
450 hours, usually including 250 hours in training. At the same time, many
captains and first lieutenants claimed over 600 hours.
FACT: At its height in mid-1944, the Army Air Forces had 2.6 million people and nearly
80,000 aircraft of all types. Today the U. S. Air Force employs 327,000 active
personnel (plus 170,000 civilians) with 5,500+ manned and perhaps 200 unmanned
aircraft. The 2009 figures represent about 12 percent of the manpower and 7
percent of the airplanes of the WWII peak.
IN SUMMATION: Whether there will ever be another war is doubtful, as fighters and bombers have
given way to helicopters and remotely controlled drones over Afghanistan and
Iraq. But within living memory, men left the earth in 1,000-plane formations and
fought major battles five miles high, leaving a legacy that remains timeless.
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